Electrolyte & acid base disorders

Acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis is vital for proper functioning of numerous metabolic processes and organ functions in the human body. Kidneys play a critical role in the maintenance and regulation of this homeostasis. Kidney diseases and dysfunction (chronic kidney disease, CKD) compromise the regulatory functions, resulting in alterations in electrolyte and acid-base balances that can be life-threatening.

We discuss the renal regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance and several common disorders incorporating the most relevant advances in the field and with a focus on pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management in patients with and without CKD.